When attempting to manage and control invasive Phragmites, it is important to first determine if the plants you are managing are the native or invasive strain of Phragmites. Native Phragmites is an important component of a healthy wetland ecosystem. It grows in marshes and unlike the invasive strain, does not typically develop into dense monocultures or degrade habitat quality. There are certain morphological differences that do exist between the native and invasive Phragmites, which can help determine what strain you are dealing with.
Stem Density
Native
Low
Invasive
High
Stem Colour at Base (spring/summer)
Invasive
Tan
Native
Red to chestnut
Stem Texture
Native
Smooth and shiny
Invasive
Rough and dull
Leaf Colour
Native
Yellow-green
Invasive
Blue-green
Leaf Sheaths
Native
Fall off in fall, easily removed
Invasive
Remain attached, difficult to remove
Ligule Width
Native
> 1 mm (1.0 to 1.7 mm)
Invasive
< 1 mm (0.4 to 0.9 mm)